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COPYRIGHT © by Michaelidou Maria
Dr. Maria Michailidou
SPONDYLARTHRIIS
SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
The terms spondyloarthritis, spondyloarthritides, spondyloarthropathy, and spondyloarthropathies
are used to refer to a family of diseases that share a group of clinical features.
The most distinguishing features are inflammation of axial joints (especially the
sacroiliac joints), asymmetric oligoarthritis (especially of the lower extremities),
dactylitis (sausage digits), and enthesitis (inflammation at sites of ligamentous
or tendon attachment to bone). Additional features include genital and skin lesions,
eye and bowel inflammation, an association with preceding or ongoing infectious disorders,
and a strong association with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-
The clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and classification of the SpA family of disorders in adults will be reviewed here with a focus on undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (USpA
CLASSIFICATION OF SPONDYLOARTHRITIS
The spondyloarthritis (SpA) family consists of the following disorders:
Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (USpA)
Reactive arthritis (formerly called Reiter syndrome)
SpA associated with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis
SpA associated with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Juvenile onset spondyloarthritis
SpA with predominantly axial involvement is also designated as “axial spondyloarthritis;”
SpA with predominantly peripheral involvement is also designated as “peripheral spondyloarthritis.”
Axial SpA patients who do not show radiographic changes of sacroiliitis are classified
as having non-