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Dr. Maria Michailidou

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDERS



Five major diffuse connective tissue diseases (DCTD) exist according to classification schema: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); scleroderma (Scl); polymyositis (PM); dermatomyositis (DM); and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A sixth disorder, Sjögren’s syndrome, is commonly associated with each of these diseases but is called primary Sjögren’s syndrome when it occurs alone.

The classical clinical descriptions of these disorders are well known, and most patients with well-differentiated disease are easily recognized. However, the definitive diagnosis of each of these disorders is based upon criteria derived from expert opinion; as such, the diagnostic criteria are updated from time to time, depending upon the relevance of contemporary research. Clinicians experienced in the clinical presentations of the connective tissue disorder often note that one DCTD seems to evolve into another over the course of several years [. This occurs in about 25 percent of patients, who are then said to have an overlap syndrome

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

The early clinical features of CTD are nonspecific and may consist of general malaise, arthralgias, myalgias, and low-grade fever []. A specific clue that these symptoms are caused by a connective tissue disease is the discovery of a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) in association with the Raynaud phenomenon

CTD INCLUDES


1.    Reumatoid arthritis


2.    Syndrome Sjögren


3.    Sel


4.    Systemic  scleroses


5.    Polymyositis


6.    Polymyalgia Rheumatica


7.    Juvenille arthritis


8.    Overlap syndrome


9.    Mixed connective tissue disease


10.  Undifferentiated disorder


11.  Still  disease


12.  Antiphospholipoid syndrome


13.  Vasculitis